Despite significant mathematical refinements, econometrics has shown the weaknesses of its logical underpinnings, primarily during economic turning points—financial crises, pandemics, and geopolitical ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Microsoft's Phi-4-reasoning-vision-15B uses careful data curation and selective reasoning to compete with models trained on ...

B, an open-weight multimodal vision AI model designed to deliver strong math, science, document and UI reasoning with far less training data and compute than much larger systems.

For years, mathematical content on the web has been made accessible through MathML. In contrast, math in PDF files was typically reduced to unstructured alternative text—insufficient for braille math ...

Microsoft researchers have developed On-Policy Context Distillation (OPCD), a training method that permanently embeds enterprise system prompt instructions into model weights, reducing inference ...

Abstract: Catalytic cracking unit is a highly dynamic industrial process involving complex chemical reactions, catalyst circulation, temperature and pressure changes, and control system regulation. To ...

This technical note presents a perspective on the creation of value in time-delayed agri-food supply chains (AFSCs) and examines its impact on dynamic pricing, human resources, and sustainability. In ...

Currently, there are several hypotheses surrounding the disappearance of Neanderthals. While they all have at least some scientific support, researchers can't agree on which—or which combination—is ...

The pancreas is smaller in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The etiology of this reduced pancreatic volume is not fully understood, but it may be due to loss of insulin’s trophic influence ...

Abstract: Utilizing controllable switches in battery systems can provide flexible and dynamic configurations for batteries at the cell, bank, and pack levels. The reconfigurable battery packs (RBPs) ...