Plasma, the fourth state of matter, consists of a gas in which electrons are no longer bound to atoms, which allows ...

Stephen has degrees in science (Physics major) and arts (English Literature and the History and Philosophy of Science), as well as a Graduate Diploma in Science Communication. Stephen has degrees in ...

In the quirky quantum world, particles can be affected by forces that they never directly encounter. A classic example is the ...

Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle states that there are limits to how precisely certain pairs of physical properties, like ...

Protons can surf some truly gnarly waves. A new experiment suggests that the subatomic particles can be accelerated by a process akin to surfers catching waves. The protons get a speed boost not from ...

The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...