This is a subject I struggled with the first time I took it. Ironically, this was the engineering version of it. It wasn't until I took the rigorous, axiomatic version that everything clicked.

Linear algebra isn’t just math—it’s the secret language of AI, machine learning, and data science. From representing data as matrices to optimizing neural networks, it’s everywhere. Understanding it ...

Vector spaces, linear transformation, matrix representation, inner product spaces, isometries, least squares, generalised inverse, eigen theory, quadratic forms, norms, numerical methods. The fourth ...