Polarization, which is one of the fundamental characteristics of electromagnetic wave, characterizes the vector nature of the oscillating electric field. Light beam with spatially homogeneous or ...

This article was published in Scientific American’s former blog network and reflects the views of the author, not necessarily those of Scientific American I’m in Paris, stumbling on streets named ...

We aim to create a “Poincaré interface”, which can highly efficiently and freely convert photon polarization represented by a Poincaré sphere to electron spin represented by a Bloch sphere, by ...

The never-knowingly-undersold Chinese news agency Xinhua is reporting that a team of Chinese scientists has solved Poincaré's Conjecture, one of the longest-outstanding mathematical problems that is ...