Urine tests measure specific substances in your urine, such as electrolytes, proteins, and bacteria. These tests can reveal a lot about your health, particularly when gradual changes or big jumps ...

Normal urine typically appears pale yellow to light amber, but liver problems can dramatically alter this familiar color pattern. When the liver struggles to function properly, waste products that ...

The pH scale is used to measure the acidity of a fluid. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral, whereas a pH result below 7 is acidic and above 7 is alkaline. Urine has the widest ...

The pH measures how acidic or alkaline a person’s urine is. Ideally, the pH of urine should be around 6.0 to 7.5, but a wider range is usually acceptable. Doctors often test the urine pH and carry out ...

Obstructive uropathy is when your urine can’t flow (either partially or completely) through your ureter, bladder, or urethra due to some type of obstruction. Instead of flowing from your kidneys to ...