What if GPS had existed in 1565? No satellites or microelectronics, sure—but let’s play along. Imagine the bustling streets of Antwerp, where merchants navigated the sprawling city with woodcut maps.
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have revolutionised location-based services by providing positioning information through satellite signals. In urban environments, however, positioning ...
Accurate smartphone positioning in dense urban environments remains challenging due to signal blockage, multipath effects, and unreliable satellite visibility. This study presents a new positioning ...