Charlotte is a city in Atascosa County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,524 at the 2020 census. It is part of the San Antoniā¦Charlotte is a city in Atascosa County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,524 at the 2020 census. It is part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area. The town is named for Charlotte Simmons, the daughter of Dr. Charles Simmons, who aided in the development of Atascosa County.